Glucagon treats Hypoglycemia
Glucagon is a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas. It plays a vital role in regulating blood sugar levels in the body. Glucagon acts in opposition to insulin, another pancreatic hormone, to maintain glucose homeostasis.
When blood sugar levels drop too low (hypoglycemia), the pancreas releases glucagon into the bloodstream. Glucagon then acts on the liver to stimulate the breakdown of glycogen (stored glucose) into glucose, which is released into the bloodstream. This process is called glycogenolysis. Glucagon also promotes the production of new glucose molecules from amino acids through a process known as gluconeogenesis.
Benefits of Glucagon
Glucagon has several important benefits and functions in the body:
Blood sugar regulation
Counterbalance to insulin
Energy production
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Why Choose Glucagon?
Glucagon is chosen in specific situations where it is necessary to rapidly increase blood sugar levels. Here are a few reasons why glucagon may be chosen:
- Severe hypoglycemia: Glucagon is the treatment of choice for severe hypoglycemia when an individual with diabetes is unconscious or unable to consume oral carbohydrates. In such cases, administering glucagon via injection can quickly raise blood sugar levels and prevent potential complications associated with low blood sugar.
- Emergency situations: Glucagon is used in emergency situations where immediate action is needed to address hypoglycemia. It acts rapidly to increase blood sugar levels, making it a crucial intervention in critical scenarios.
- Oral carbohydrate ingestion is not possible: Glucagon is a suitable option when the person experiencing hypoglycemia is unable to ingest oral carbohydrates due to unconsciousness, seizures, or other medical conditions. In such cases, the injectable form of glucagon can be administered by someone else or by the individual’s caregiver.
- Diabetes management: Glucagon may be used as part of an individual’s diabetes management plan when there is a risk of severe hypoglycemia, particularly in individuals who have frequent episodes of low blood sugar or are at a higher risk of developing complications from hypoglycemia.
It’s important to note that while glucagon is effective in raising blood sugar levels, it is not a long-term solution for managing diabetes or maintaining stable blood sugar levels. It is primarily used in emergency situations and should be administered under medical guidance or as directed by healthcare professionals.
How to Use Glucagon
Using glucagon involves the following steps:
- Preparation: Ensure that you have a glucagon emergency kit available. The kit typically includes a vial or pre-filled syringe of glucagon, a diluent (liquid), and a syringe for mixing.
- Reconstitution: If you have a glucagon kit that requires reconstitution, follow the instructions provided with the kit. Typically, you’ll need to inject the diluent into the vial containing the glucagon powder and gently swirl or roll the vial to mix the solution. Make sure the powder is completely dissolved.
- Injection: Once the glucagon solution is prepared, you or someone else can administer the injection. The most common injection sites are the upper arm, thigh, or buttocks. The specific site may vary depending on the instructions provided with the glucagon kit.
- Clean the injection site with an alcohol swab.
- Hold the syringe or injector device firmly against the injection site at a 90-degree angle.
- Inject the glucagon solution subcutaneously (under the skin) or intramuscularly (into the muscle) according to the instructions.
- After injection: After administering the glucagon, follow these additional steps:
- Remove the needle or injector device from the injection site.
- Dispose of the used syringe or injector device safely, following appropriate guidelines and regulations.
It’s important to note that the specific instructions for using glucagon may vary depending on the brand and type of glucagon emergency kit. Therefore, always refer to the instructions provided with your particular glucagon kit and consult with a healthcare professional for guidance on its use.
What you need to know to get started
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Glucagon acts in opposition to another hormone called insulin, which lowers blood sugar levels. While insulin promotes the uptake and storage of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, glucagon works to increase blood sugar levels when they are too low.
Glucagon is released in response to low blood sugar levels, typically triggered by fasting, exercise, or during periods of prolonged physical activity. It helps prevent hypoglycemia, a condition characterized by dangerously low blood sugar levels, which can lead to symptoms like dizziness, confusion, and even loss of consciousness.
Glucagon is not typically used as a primary treatment for diabetes. Instead, it is used as an emergency treatment for severe hypoglycemia in individuals with diabetes who are unable to consume carbohydrates orally or are unconscious.
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Here are some potential side effects of glucagon:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Temporary increase in heart rate
- Transient increase in blood pressure
- Mild allergic reactions, such as rash or itching
- Transient headache
- Transient dizziness or lightheadedness
- Flushing or redness of the skin
- Transient respiratory distress (rare)
- Hypokalemia (low potassium levels) in some cases
It’s important to note that these side effects are generally mild and temporary. Glucagon is usually administered in emergency situations, and the benefits of treating severe hypoglycemia outweigh the potential risks associated with these side effects.
Nonetheless, if you have concerns or experience any unexpected or severe side effects after using glucagon, it’s essential to seek medical attention and inform your healthcare provider.
If you or anyone you know experience an overdose, please contact your local emergency provider. In most cases, you may call “9-1-1”.
Should you miss one of your Doses, be sure to use the product as soon as you can!
- Read the instructions: Carefully read and follow the specific storage instructions provided by the manufacturer of the glucagon product you have. Different glucagon formulations may have slightly different storage requirements.
- Refrigeration: Glucagon generally needs to be stored in the refrigerator to maintain its potency. The typical recommended temperature range for refrigeration is between 36°F and 46°F (2°C and 8°C). Keep the glucagon in its original packaging or container.
- Protect from light: Like many medications, it is important to protect glucagon from direct light exposure. Keep it in its original packaging or container, which is designed to shield it from light.
- Check expiration date: Always check the expiration date on the packaging before using glucagon. Expired glucagon may not be as effective, so it’s important to discard and replace it when it has expired.
- Travel considerations: If you need to travel with glucagon, it is typically recommended to keep it refrigerated whenever possible. However, glucagon can be stored at room temperature (up to 77°F or 25°C) for a short period, usually around 28 days, depending on the specific product. Always check the manufacturer’s instructions for travel storage recommendations.
- Avoid freezing: Do not freeze glucagon, as freezing can affect its stability and effectiveness. If you accidentally freeze it, discard the medication and do not use it.
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